International Human Right

A small group founded Amnesty International in 1961 to translate human rights principles into action. "Diplomacy of Conscience provides a rich account of how the organization pioneered a combination of popular pressure and expert knowledge to advance global human rights. To an extent unmatched by predecessors and copied by successors, Amnesty International has employed worldwide publicity campaigns based on fact-finding and moral pressure to urge governments to improve human rights practices. Less well known is Amnesty International's significant impact on international law. It has helped forge the international community's repertoire of official responses to the most severe human rights violations, supplementing moral concern with expertise and conceptual vision. "Diplomacy of Conscience traces Amnesty International's efforts to strengthen both popular human rights awareness and international law against torture, disappearances, and political killings. Drawing on primary interviews and archival research, Ann Marie Clark posits that Amnesty International's strenuously cultivated objectivity gave the group political independence and allowed it to be critical of all governments violating human rights. Its capacity to investigate abuses and interpret them according to international standards helped it foster consistency and coherence in new human rights law. Generalizing from this study, Clark builds a theory of the autonomous role of nongovernmental actors in the emergence of international norms pitting moral imperatives against state sovereignty. Her work is of substantial historical and theoretical relevance to those interested in how norms take shape in international society, aswell as anyone studying the increasing visibility of nongovernmental organizations on the international scene.

What is the influence of international human rights activism on authoritarian governments in the modern era? How much can pressure from human rights organizations and nations affect political change within a county? This book addresses these key issues by examining the impact of transnational human rights organizations and international norms on Chile during Gen. Augusto Pinochet's regime (1973-90) and afterward. Darren G. Hawkins argues that steadily mounting pressure from abroad concerning human rights did, in fact, make Pinochet more vulnerable over time and helped stimulate Chile's movement to a liberal democracy. Such international expectations could not be ignored by Pinochet, and they gradually and cumulatively made themselves felt. By 1975 some Chilean officials were adopting the discourse of human rights and claiming their adherence to international norms; two years later the government's security apparatus responsible for the reign of terror was reorganized, and disappearances in Chile nearly ceased. In 1980 the regime abandoned its insistence on unlimited authoritarian rule and approved a constitution that set term limits and promised future democratic institutions; Pinochet lost a constitutionally mandated plebiscite in 1988 and ultimately left office in 1990. Hawkins contends that these changes not only were internally driven but reflected an ongoing response to an international discourse on human rights. Well-researched and cogently argued, this case study further illuminates and complicates our understanding of modern Chilean history and provides ample testimony of the far-reaching effects of international human rights work.

Macedonian Human Rights Movement International - Macedonian Human Rights Movement International (formerly Macedonian Human Rights Movement of Canada) has been active on human rights issues for Macedonians and other oppressed peoples since 1986. It was formed in response to the release of the "Manifesto for Macedonian Human Rights, the Movement for Human and National Rights for the Macedonians of Aegean Macedonia", by the Central Organizing Committee for the Macedonian Human Rights, in Salonica, Greece in 1984.

International human rights law - International human rights law codifies legal provisions governing human rights in various international human rights instruments. It is related to, but not the same as International Humanitarian Law and Refugee Law.

International Federation of Human Rights - The International Federation of Human Rights (FÃ©dÃ©ration Internationale des Ligues des Droits de l'Hommeis) is a international non-governmental human rights organization created in 1922 and currently based in Paris.

International Society for Human Rights - The International Society for Human Rights (ISHR-IGFM) is an international non-governmental, non-profit human rights organization with Consultative status to the Council of Europe and Associate status to the United Nations. The Society was founded in 1972, in Frankfurt/Main (Germany).

internationalhumanright

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